See drūd on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "drūt"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"word": "*drūd"
},
{
"lang": "Old Dutch",
"lang_code": "odt",
"word": "drūt"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "traut"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "trūt"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"word": "trūt"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "drúth"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish drúth",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*drūtos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *drūtos",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain. Possibly related to Old Irish drúth, which comes from Proto-Celtic *drūtos.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-adj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "drūd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drūdu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drūd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drūdanā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drūdā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drūd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drūdas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drūdeʀā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drūdas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drūdumē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drūdeʀē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drūdumē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drūdu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drūdeʀu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drūdu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drūdē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drūdō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drūdu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drūdā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drūdā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drūdu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drūdeʀō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drūdeʀō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drūdeʀō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drūdēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drūdum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drūdēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drūdum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drūdēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drūdum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drūdēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drūdum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drūdēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drūdum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drūdēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drūdum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "*drūd",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/drūd",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"sense": "Middle Low German",
"word": "drūt"
},
{
"sense": "Old Saxon",
"word": "drūd"
},
{
"english": "fool, wretch",
"translation": "fool, wretch",
"word": ">? Dutch: druit"
},
{
"english": "friend",
"tags": [
"Dutch",
"Middle"
],
"translation": "friend",
"word": "druut"
},
{
"word": "→ Italian: drudo"
},
{
"word": "drut"
},
{
"word": "→ Latin: drudis"
},
{
"word": "drudus"
},
{
"english": "substantivized adjective",
"translation": "substantivized adjective",
"word": "drūd"
},
{
"sense": "Old Dutch",
"word": "drūt"
},
{
"sense": "Middle High German",
"word": "trūt"
},
{
"sense": "Old High German",
"word": "trūt"
}
],
"glosses": [
"beloved, dear"
],
"id": "en-drūd-gmw-pro-adj-hvZau-ni",
"links": [
[
"beloved",
"beloved"
],
[
"dear",
"dear"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "drūd"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"sense": "Middle Low German",
"word": "drūt"
},
{
"sense": "Old Saxon",
"word": "drūd"
},
{
"english": "fool, wretch",
"translation": "fool, wretch",
"word": ">? Dutch: druit"
},
{
"english": "friend",
"tags": [
"Dutch",
"Middle"
],
"translation": "friend",
"word": "druut"
},
{
"sense": "Old Dutch",
"word": "drūt"
},
{
"sense": "Middle High German",
"word": "trūt"
},
{
"sense": "Old High German",
"word": "trūt"
},
{
"word": "→ Italian: drudo"
},
{
"word": "drut"
},
{
"word": "→ Latin: drudis"
},
{
"word": "drudus"
},
{
"english": "substantivized adjective",
"translation": "substantivized adjective",
"word": "drūd"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "drūt"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"word": "*drūd"
},
{
"lang": "Old Dutch",
"lang_code": "odt",
"word": "drūt"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "traut"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "trūt"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"word": "trūt"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "drúth"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish drúth",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*drūtos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *drūtos",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain. Possibly related to Old Irish drúth, which comes from Proto-Celtic *drūtos.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-adj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "drūd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drūdu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drūd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drūdanā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drūdā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drūd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drūdas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drūdeʀā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drūdas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drūdumē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drūdeʀē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drūdumē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drūdu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drūdeʀu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drūdu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drūdē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drūdō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drūdu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drūdā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drūdā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drūdu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drūdeʀō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drūdeʀō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drūdeʀō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drūdēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drūdum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drūdēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drūdum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drūdēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drūdum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drūdēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drūdum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drūdēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drūdum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drūdēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drūdum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "*drūd",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/drūd",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-West Germanic a-stem adjectives",
"Proto-West Germanic adjectives",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas"
],
"glosses": [
"beloved, dear"
],
"links": [
[
"beloved",
"beloved"
],
[
"dear",
"dear"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "drūd"
}
Download raw JSONL data for drūd meaning in All languages combined (5.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-07-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-07-06 using wiktextract (e62056b and e7887d5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.